Lesson 30 - How to Express The ing Form with 어 있다
Hey everyone!
We're back with a new post, and it's about the ing form again. If you read the other post, you might know that we've talked about another way to express this pattern here. However, the way we're going to introduce today is slightly different from the other one.
They both have the verb 있다, which means to have and to be/exist, but their forms are different from each other. One, the one we talked about already is -고 있다, the other one is -어 있다.
And it is -어 있다 the one we're going to talk about today. Compared to the one we explained the other form, this one expresses an action that is still in process. It highlights the fact that the action will keep on going on even after the sentence will be said. I know it sounds confusing, but don't worry, you'll understand it. Let's look at some examples:
지금 앉아 있어요
I am sitting, right now (meaning that I sat down, and I'm still sitting down)
창문이 열려 있어요
The window is open (meaning that it was opened by someone and it will be for a while since it was left open)
As you can see both of these sentences express an action that has been done and it keeps on happening until further notice.
그 나무 앞에 서 있어요
He was standing in front of that tree
그냥 영원히 우리 마음속에 살아 있어요
It just lives forever in our hearts
목욕탕에 칫솔과 치약이 놓여 있어요
There's a toothbrush and a toothpaste in the
나는 꽃가루 알레르기가 가 있어요
I'm allergic to pollen
그 기업가는 파산의 끝에 와 있어요
The entrepreneur is at the end of bankruptcy
The form is 어/아/여 있다 is attached to the verb stem and kind of conjugates the verbs with the first bit. There are two different rules for regular verbs. Let's look at both of them:
1) when the verb stem's last vowel is 아 or 오, the form will be 아 있다
시간이 많이 남아 있어요
We have a lot of time left
그 아기가 놀아 있어요
The baby's playing
살아 있어요
He's alive
2) when the verb stem's last vowel is 어 or any other vowel, the form will be 어 있다
그는 서 있어요
He's standing
포스터가 벽에 붙어 있어요
The poster is hanging on the wall
그 집의 불빛이 전부 꺼져 있어요
The lights of the house are off
Just like 고 있다, this ing form can express the past tense. It will show it through the verb 있다.
내 가방에는 책이 가득 들어 있었어요
My bag was full of books
투광 조명등은 꺼져 있었어요
The floodlights were off
그 두 집은 500미터 떨어져 있었어요
Those houses were 500 meters apart
For what concerns irregular verbs, don't worry. As long as you remember the rules of each group, you will know how to conjugate them with this form! (review the rules here)
Here are two examples of irregular verbs with this pattern:
우산에 이름이 써 있어요
The umbrella has a name on it
그녀의 얼굴에는 분이 발라 있어요
There's powder on her face
[Note that for verbs referring to clothing or accessories, the ing form will be 고 있다]
We're back with a new post, and it's about the ing form again. If you read the other post, you might know that we've talked about another way to express this pattern here. However, the way we're going to introduce today is slightly different from the other one.
They both have the verb 있다, which means to have and to be/exist, but their forms are different from each other. One, the one we talked about already is -고 있다, the other one is -어 있다.
And it is -어 있다 the one we're going to talk about today. Compared to the one we explained the other form, this one expresses an action that is still in process. It highlights the fact that the action will keep on going on even after the sentence will be said. I know it sounds confusing, but don't worry, you'll understand it. Let's look at some examples:
지금 앉아 있어요
I am sitting, right now (meaning that I sat down, and I'm still sitting down)
창문이 열려 있어요
The window is open (meaning that it was opened by someone and it will be for a while since it was left open)
As you can see both of these sentences express an action that has been done and it keeps on happening until further notice.
그 나무 앞에 서 있어요
He was standing in front of that tree
그냥 영원히 우리 마음속에 살아 있어요
It just lives forever in our hearts
목욕탕에 칫솔과 치약이 놓여 있어요
There's a toothbrush and a toothpaste in the
나는 꽃가루 알레르기가 가 있어요
I'm allergic to pollen
그 기업가는 파산의 끝에 와 있어요
The entrepreneur is at the end of bankruptcy
The form is 어/아/여 있다 is attached to the verb stem and kind of conjugates the verbs with the first bit. There are two different rules for regular verbs. Let's look at both of them:
1) when the verb stem's last vowel is 아 or 오, the form will be 아 있다
시간이 많이 남아 있어요
We have a lot of time left
그 아기가 놀아 있어요
The baby's playing
살아 있어요
He's alive
2) when the verb stem's last vowel is 어 or any other vowel, the form will be 어 있다
그는 서 있어요
He's standing
포스터가 벽에 붙어 있어요
The poster is hanging on the wall
그 집의 불빛이 전부 꺼져 있어요
The lights of the house are off
Just like 고 있다, this ing form can express the past tense. It will show it through the verb 있다.
내 가방에는 책이 가득 들어 있었어요
My bag was full of books
투광 조명등은 꺼져 있었어요
The floodlights were off
그 두 집은 500미터 떨어져 있었어요
Those houses were 500 meters apart
For what concerns irregular verbs, don't worry. As long as you remember the rules of each group, you will know how to conjugate them with this form! (review the rules here)
Here are two examples of irregular verbs with this pattern:
우산에 이름이 써 있어요
The umbrella has a name on it
그녀의 얼굴에는 분이 발라 있어요
There's powder on her face
[Note that for verbs referring to clothing or accessories, the ing form will be 고 있다]
Just remember that the difference between the two ing forms is that 고 있다 expresses the active process (is doing), and 어 있다 expresses the passive one (is being done).
VOCABS SET ON QUIZLET: 1
KPOPOLOGY WEBSITE: Home, KPOPOLOGY Explains
DROPBOX FILES: Main folder, Lesson 30 Practice
I will see you next time with another grammar post!
구름
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